名词教学设计

易错点一：可数名词变复数

(2020临沂)54. The new plan asks residents (居民) to put their rubbish into four different __________ one for each kind of rubbish. ( box )

知识点再现

可数名词变复数规则变化：

情况	构成方法	例词
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词	去y,再加-ies	baby→babies city→cities
以“元音字母+y”结尾的词	加-s	monkey→monkeys holiday→holidays

易错点二：不可数名词

(2020呼和浩特)  —What would you like to eat, honey?

—__________.

A. Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rices

B. Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rice

C. Chickens with vegetables and two bowls of rice

D. Chickens with vegetable and two bowls of rices

知识点再现

不可数名词的量化表达：

1. 表示不定数量时,一般用some, much, a little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等来表示。

    e.g.  some water; a little milk

2. 表示确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构。当数词大于1时,后面的量词要用复数形式。

    e.g.  a piece of bread; two glasses of water; three bags of rice

易错点三：既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词词义辨析

(2018·广东改编) The three ________ upstairs are too small to have enough ________ for a double bed.

A. room; room   B. room; rooms              C. rooms; room

I want to tell you some exciting about my holiday.  

A.experience B.an experience    C.experiences D.a experience

知识点再现

既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词:

名词	可数	不可数	名词	可数	不可数
chicken	小鸡	鸡肉	paper	报纸，文件	纸
experience	经历	经验	room	房间	空间
fish	鱼	鱼肉	time	次数；倍数	时间
glass	玻璃杯	玻璃	wood	树林	木头
orange	橙子	橙汁	work	作品	工作

易错点四：名词所有格

(2020自贡) —A boy is flying a kite over there. Who is he?

—He is _________ brother.

A.Lucy's and Lily's    B.Lucy and Lily's     C.Lucy's and Lily

(2019·青海)—Whose jackets are these?

—They are ________. They said they lost them yesterday.

A. ours   B. Li Lei and Li Tao's C. Li Lei's and Li Tao's

知识点再现

名词所有格变化规则：

1. 并列名词表示各自所有，各个名词后分别加’s。

    e.g.  Alice’s and Mary’s bags爱丽丝的包和玛丽的包；

2. 并列名词表示共有，在最后一个名词词尾加’s。

    e.g.  Tony and Vicky’s father托尼和维奇的父亲；

易错点五：名词变形容词

(2020玉林) You are____48____（luck）.

(2019湖南怀化) The man behind Mickey was Walt Disney. He became very rich and ___63____(success).

知识点再现

名词变形容词的规律：

1. n.＋­y

(1)直接加­y

rain→rainy              wind→windy                 snow→snowy

sleep→sleepy            health→healthy              luck→lucky

(2)双写末尾字母再加­y

sun→sunny              fog→foggy                   fun→funny

(3)去结尾e再加­y

noise→noisy             taste→tasty

2. n.＋­ful或变y为i＋­ful

care→careful             cheer→cheerful              colour→colourful

help→helpful             hope→hopeful                meaning→meaningful

peace→peaceful           success→successful        use→useful

wonder→wonderful       beauty→beautiful

3. n.＋­less

care→careless             help→helpless              home→homeless

hope→hopeless            meaning→meaningless       use→useless

4. n.＋­al或去e＋­al

person→personal         culture→cultural               centre→central

nature→natural

5.以­ence/­ance结尾的名词，变­ence/­ance为­ent/­ant

difference→different        silence→silent            importance→important

6. n.＋­ly

friend→friendly           love→lovely

7. n.＋­ous

danger→dangerous         humor→humorous

8. n.＋­e(r)n

north→northern            west→western                

wood→wooden            gold→golden

9. n.＋­ese或­n(构成表示国籍、语言的形容词)

America→American       Australia→Australian        India→Indian                   

Japan→Japanese           China→Chinese            Canada→Canadian

10.  其他

difficulty→difficult         fool→foolish                hunger→hungry                

pride → proud                      

易错点六：动词变名词

(2020玉林) After she put down the phone, she said with____47____（excite）.

(2020云南）Some ________ in the medical research helped control the terrible illness. （achieve）

知识点再现

动词变名词的规律：

1. v.+-er或-or

work→worker          teach→teacher        sing→singer      

jump→jumper play→player             learn→learner       

visit→visitor   invent→inventor   collect→collector         

drive→driver        write→writer  run→runner

win→winner       begin→beginner

2. v.+-ment

achieve→achievement         advertise→advertisement       agree→agreement      

disgree→disagreement amuse→amusement improve→improvement            develop→development              manage→management       equip→equipment  

argue→argument  

3. v.+-(t)ion/(s)ion

attract—attraction    instruct—instruction   invent—invention

discuss—discussion    express—expression educate—education;   

graduate—graduation operate—operation         compete—competition

organize—organization         decide—decision     conclude—conclusion  

4. v.+-ance

appear—appearance          perform—performance          

5. v.+-ing

meet—meeting             build—building          wait—waiting

bathe—bathing        say—saying     mean—meaning

end —ending            train —training           wash—washing

swim—swimming    shop—shopping     begin—beginning   

 6. 其他

beg—beggar              behave—behavior            know—knowledge      

fly—flight                 heat—heat                 mix —mixture    

press—pressure           sit—seat                  succeed—success          

tour—tour/ tourist